Langmuir blodgett

Irving Langmuir, (born Jan. 31, 1881, Brooklyn, N.Y., U.S.—died Aug. 16, 1957, Falmouth, Mass.), American physical chemist who was awarded the 1932 Nobel Prize for Chemistry “for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry.”He was the second American and the first industrial chemist to receive this honour. Besides surface chemistry, his …

Langmuir blodgett. The Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique is a way of making supra-molecular assembly in ultrathin films with a controlled layered structure and crystal parameter, which have many envisioned ...

Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) assembly is a good candidate for arranging vast numbers of nanostructures on solid surfaces. In the LB technique, uniaxial compression of a nanocrystal or nanowire monolayer floating on an aqueous subphase causes the nanostructures to assemble and pack over a large area. The ordered monolayer can then be transferred to …

The Schiff base complex molecules with naphthyl groups tended to form J-aggregate in the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films transferred from water surface. By investigation of atomic force microscopy, a multilayer film or three-dimensional structures were observed. It was interesting to note that the LB films of achiral compound Cu-NA …The nanoscale determination of the mechanical properties of interfaces is of paramount relevance in materials science and cell biology. Bimodal atomic force microscopy (AFM) is arguably the most advanced nanoscale method for mapping the elastic modulus of interfaces. Simulations, theory, and experiments have validated bimodal AFM …Langmuir-Blodgett and Langmuir-Schaefer films Early in the 20th century, Irving Langmuir and Katherine Blodgett founded the science of Langmuir-Blodgett films by examining the transfer of Langmuir monolayers onto substrates. In a LangmuirBlodgett experiment, a Langmuir monolayer is held at constant surface pressure while transferring it onto a ...For the first time, using the Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) technique, we were able to deposit two-dimensional large scale mono- and bilayers of non-functionalized and …Anal. of Langmuir isotherms and microstructural characterization of the homogeneous polystyrene particle films during compression reveal an interfacial buckling instability followed by folding, which is in good agreement with predictions from classical elasticity theory. In contrast, Janus particle films exhibit a different behavior during ...

Substrates can be dipped in either a vertical or horizontal geometry. The Langmuir-Blodgett trough can also be used without the dipper for a variety of experiments where monitoring and control of surface pressure of monolayer films is needed, such as enzyme kinetics or monolayer hydrolysis. Langmuir-Blodgett trough SOP (2020-11) Langmuir–Blodgett and Langmuir–Schaefer techniques are versatile methods for the fabrication of dense arrays of one-dimensional nanomaterials such as single-walled carbon nanotubes 9 or ...The effect of cadmium arachidate (CdA) layers deposited by Langmuir−Blodgett technique on the growth of pentacene thin films and the performance of pentacene-based thin film transistors has been investigated. The hydrophobicity of the SiO2 gate dielectric surface was increased (surface energy reduced) with the deposition …A Langmuir-Blodgett trough is a Teflon-lined vessel with barrier arms for controlling the surface pressure (Fig. 5). The main elements of a Langmuir-Blodgett trough are: 1. A Teflon lined trough filled with a liquid substrate that the …For the first time, using the Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) technique, we were able to deposit two-dimensional large scale mono- and bilayers of non-functionalized and …Etymology Edit. Named after Irving Langmuir and Katharine B. Blodgett, who invented the technique at General Electric Co.The controlled transfer of organized monolayers of amphiphilic molecules from the air-water interface to a solid substrate was the first molecular-scale ...Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films are nanometric systems of technological and scientific interest, with promising applications in several fields, especially in the field of sensors. Several macrocyclic compounds, as crown ethers, acts as metal ionophores and can be used in the design of chemical sensors [1-4]. The amphiphilic character of some of these

Investigation of Photosensitive Langmuir−Blodgett Monolayers by in Situ Atomic Force Microscopy and Absorption Spectroscopy. Langmuir 1998, 14 (26) , 7511-7518.A Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) film is a nanostructured system formed when Langmuir films—or Langmuir monolayers (LM)—are transferred from the liquid-gas interface to solid supports during the vertical passage of the support through the monolayers. LB films can contain one or more monolayers … See moreApr 19, 2007 · This Account describes a new paradigm, Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) patterning, for large-area patterning with mesostructured features based on the well-established LB technique. This strategy uses a simple fabrication technique to control the alignment, size, shape, and periodicity of self-organized phospholipid monolayer patterns with feature sizes down to 100 nm over surface areas of square ... Infrared spectroscopic studies of molecular structure, ordering, and interactions in enzyme-containing Langmuir-Blodgett films. Langmuir, 6:1068–1070. Google Scholar. Anderson R.G.W. and Jacobson K. 2002. A role for lipid shells in targeting proteins to caveolae, rafts and other lipid domains. Science, 296:1821–1825. ADS Google Scholar.

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Monolayer and multilayers of ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLC) obtained by the Langmuir−Blodgett (L-B) technique on the water subphase were characterized by surface pressure measurements and by polarization modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). The specific surface selection rules on the water surface and the high sensitivity of the PM-IRRAS method allow the ...The diffusion and mobility in biomembranes are crucial for various cell functions; however, the mechanisms involved in such processes remain ambiguous due to the complex membrane structures. Herein, we investigate how the heterogeneous nanostructures cause anomalous diffusion in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) …Infrared spectroscopic studies of molecular structure, ordering, and interactions in enzyme-containing Langmuir-Blodgett films. Langmuir, 6:1068–1070. Google Scholar. Anderson R.G.W. and Jacobson K. 2002. A role for lipid shells in targeting proteins to caveolae, rafts and other lipid domains. Science, 296:1821–1825. ADS Google Scholar.Tools. Organic-inorganic perovskite-like hybrids combine the properties of both the perovskite structure and metal-organic framework compounds. We investigated the magnetic properties of a Cu-based hybrid material grown as a thin film by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. We show that the long alkyl spacers in the hybrid thin film only …Tachibana H, Yamanaka Y, Matsumoto M. Surface and photochemical properties of Langmuir monolayer and Langmuir-Blodgett films of a spiropyran derivative. J Mater Chem, 2002, 12: 938–942. Article Google Scholar Matsumoto M, Terrettaz S, Tachibana H. Photo-induced structural changes of azobenzene Langmuir-Blodgett films.Langmuir-Blodgett fabrication of nanosheet-based dielectric films without an interfacial dead layer. Jpn J. Appl. Phys. 47 , 7556–7560 (2008). Article CAS Google Scholar

The main panel, representing Langmuir-Blodgett –deposited OTE, shows ω 1/2 scaling after long-time averaging, 0.5 to 1 hour per datum. The inset shows comparisons with other methods used to produce a hydrophobic surface.Massé P, Ravaine S (2005) The Langmuir–Blodgett technique: a powerful tool to elaborate multilayer colloidal crystals. Colloids and surfaces a: physicochem. Eng Asp 270-271:148–152. Article Google Scholar Bardosova M et al. (2003) Synthetic opals made by the Langmuir–Blodgett method. Thin Solid Films 437:276–279At grazing angles of incidence of the IR beam, the enhancement of the normal component of the electric field at the interface is comparable to that of Au alone. In addition, the analysis of the structure of a 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) lipid monolayer deposited using the Langmuir−Blodgett technique is demonstrated.A Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) film is a nanostructured system formed when Langmuir films—or Langmuir monolayers (LM)—are transferred from the liquid-gas interface to solid supports during the vertical passage of the support through the monolayers. Two-dimensional ferroelectric polymer films can be fabricated by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique which allows precise control of film thickness down to one monolayer with high crystallinity. The principle of LB technique is the amphiphilic property of molecules which are composed of a hydrophilic part and a hydrophobic part [ 47 ].Following sections discuss LB films, the preparation and properties of SA monolayers and films, the modeling of LB and SA monolayers, and the application of LB and SA films. Purchase An Introduction to Ultrathin Organic Films - 1st Edition. Print Book & E-Book. ISBN 9780127082301, 9780080926315.This paper is a review the polyoxometalate-based composite materials, including polyoxometalate incorporated Langmuir and Langmuir–Blodgett, layer-by-layer multilayers and novel honeycomb films, self-assembly structures of modified polyoxometalate complexes (e.g., onion-like structures, new inorganic–organic–inorganic …Langmuir and Langmuir–Blodgett technologies as nanoarchitectonic tools for the incorporation of curcumin in membrane systems† Laura Dotor, a,b,c José Miguel García-Pinilla, a,b,c Santiago Martín a,b,c and Pilar Cea *a,b,c Curcumin (CCM) is a molecule of particular interest in health applications due to its wide spectrum of benefits for ... Abstract. We report the manufacture of fully solution processed photodetectors based on two-dimensional tin(II) sulfide assembled via the Langmuir–Blodgett method.The method we propose can coat a variety of substrates including paper, Si/SiO 2 and flexible polymer allowing for a potentially wide range of applications in future optoelectronic devices.

The controlled transfer of organized monolayers of amphiphilic molecules from the air-water interface to a solid substrate was the first molecular-scale ...

Here, we develop a Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) method achieving monolayers of aligned SWNTs with dense packing, central to which is a noncovalent polymer functionalization by poly(m-phenylenevinylene-co-2,5-dioctoxy-p-phenylenevinylene) (PmPV) imparting high solubility and stability of SWNTs in an organic solvent 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE). Pressure ...Langmuir-Blodgett thin-film deposition was carried out by using Kibron LB deposition system. XRD analysis was carried out with Rigaku Ultima (IV) X-ray diffractometer, surface topography was performed with Veeco-Caliber atomic force microscope, thickness of the sample was measured by Dektak XT stylus profilometer, surface morphology was ...Apr 19, 2007 · This Account describes a new paradigm, Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) patterning, for large-area patterning with mesostructured features based on the well-established LB technique. This strategy uses a simple fabrication technique to control the alignment, size, shape, and periodicity of self-organized phospholipid monolayer patterns with feature sizes down to 100 nm over surface areas of square ... This paper is a review the polyoxometalate-based composite materials, including polyoxometalate incorporated Langmuir and Langmuir–Blodgett, layer-by-layer multilayers and novel honeycomb films, self-assembly structures of modified polyoxometalate complexes (e.g., onion-like structures, new inorganic–organic–inorganic …Both the thermodynamic studies of the ternary Langmuir films and the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) images of Langmuir–Blodgett films have shown that …Langmuir-Blodgett films. 1994 Mar 25;263 (5154):1726-33. doi: 10.1126/science.8134836. The controlled transfer of organized monolayers of amphiphilic molecules from the airwater interface to a solid substrate was the first molecular-scale technology for the creation of new materials. However, the potential benefits of the technology envisioned ...The polysubstituted amphiphilic cyclodextrins (Fig. 2) are obtained by persubstitution of the cyclodextrin primary and/or secondary hydroxyl groups. Medusa-like. Persubstitution of the primary side with amino-, amido-, sulfo- or thio-alkyl chains, lead to “medusa-like” compounds which are able to form stable Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) layers …

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The Langmuir–Blodgett technique, in which a layer of nanoparticles is spread at the water/air interface and further transferred onto a solid support, is a versatile approach for the preparation of SERS substrates with a controllable arrangement of hotspots.a Langmuir-Blodgett film. When the substrate is removed from a liquid whose surface is conta- minated with a layer of surfactant, a monolayer clings onto the surface. Upon application of a constant pressure on the film floating on the liquid surface and maintaining the rate of pulling a constant, itKatharine Burr Blodgett (January 10, 1898 – October 12, 1979) [2] was an American physicist and chemist known for her work on surface chemistry, in particular her invention of "invisible" or nonreflective glass while working at General Electric. She was the first woman to be awarded a PhD in physics from the University of Cambridge, in 1926. This contribution offers a comprehensive understanding of the factors that govern the morphologies of Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) monolayers of amphiphilic diblock copolymers (BCs). This is achieved by a detailed investigation of a wide range of polystyrene-poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (PS-P4VP) block copolymers, in contrast to much more limited ranges in previous studies. Parameters that are varied ...A Langmuir-Blodgett film (or LB film) can be defined as one or more monolayers of material deposited from a liquid surface onto a solid substrate by dipping the substrate through a floating monolayer at a constant molecular density. LB films are formed by one or several Langmuir films deposited onto a solid surface by vertical dipping of the ...Sep 1, 1992 · Layer by Layer Optimization of Langmuir–Blodgett Films for Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Based Sensors for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Detection. Coatings 2022 , 12 (5) , 669. Apr 5, 2022 · on how to get started in Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films and using Nima troughs. There is a 'Langmuir-Blodgettry' chapter which gives a thorough grounding in the principles involved. Then there is a self-contained 'Tutorial' which takes about a day to work through, designed to familiarise you with the basic commands of the trough and gain These types of organized coatings are called Langmuir-Blodgett films. For the present experiment, only monolayer Langmuir films will be produced and characterized. Figure 1. Conceptual representation of an expanded (a) and compressed (b) monolayer surfactant film on a water surface.Especially, the Langmuir-Blodgett method can become a promising and powerful strategy in interfacial nanoarchitectonics. In 2004, Steven L. Regen [24] stated that “In recent years, there has been a steady shift away from the LB technique towards self-assembly methods for the fabrication of monolayer and multilayer array”. ….

Two bottom-up approaches, Langmuir–Blodgett technique and drop-casting method allow us to control pC7F15MAA ordering; pC7F15MAA takes highly oriented monolayer formation by the LB technique, while it forms nanoparticle assemblies by the drop-casting method. Consequently, pC7F15MAA brings about a flat surface or three …We describe herein studies on as-prepared hydrophobic ZnS−CdSe quantum dots (QDs) at the air−water interface. Surface pressure−area (π−A) isotherms have been used to study the monolayer behavior. Uniform, lamellar multilayer thin films of QDs were deposited by the Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) technique. The role of two different surfactant systems commonly employed in the synthesis of ...Mono and multilayered Langmuir Blodgett films were characterised using UV-Vis absorption and Steady state fluorescence spectroscopy. 27 Reads STATISTICAL CONVERGENCE IN A BICOMPLEX VALUED METRIC SPACEThe nanocomposite film comprising of octadecylamine, chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol-silver nanowires and haemoglobin, shortly (OCPAH), was prepared by Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) film deposition techniqu...Dec 28, 2021 · The structural complexity of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria limits the fabrication of realistic models of bacterial cell membranes. A vertical Langmuir–Blodgett withdrawing was used to deposit a 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE) monolayer on the Au(111) surface. The second leaflet composed of di[3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonyl]-lipid A (KLA) was deposited ... Experiments were carried out using a Langmuir-Blodgett (KSV Nima) balance equipped with a Langmuir trough (304 × 75 mm), two hydrophilic barriers made of Delrin polymer, and a Brewster angle microscope (MicroBAM, KSV Nima). The laser power and image acquisition parameters were kept the same during all the BAM measurements.Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Poly [2-methoxy-5- ( n -hexyloxy)- p -phenylenevinylene] showed reversible photoconducting properties.210 The efficiency of poly (acrylic acid) and poly (methacrylic acid) in gluing monolayers of calix [6]arene 1, and in controlling the barrier properties of resulting LB films, has been found to be very sensitive to pH. In this study, we advanced the conventional Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) method to a high-temperature range (above 100 °C) using a newly manufactured LB machine, which is adaptable to a high-boiling-point subphase, as a universally usable apparatus. A sophisticated trough design, with homogeneous heating capability up to approximately 200 °C, together with automatic film compression and Langmuir ... Langmuir blodgett, The Langmuir-Blodgett fabrication technique is favourable for practical application since it is compatible with a wide range of substrate materials over broad areas. Following an introduction, this chapter discusses the experimental design, synthesis parameters, and operating mechanism of Langmuir-Blodgett films, as well as their benefits and ..., The Langmuir- Blodgett (LB) technique is one of the most promising methods for the preparation of thin films as it enables (A) precise control of the monolayer thickness, (B) …, The Langmuir, Langmuir-Blodgett and Langmuir-Schaefer techniques enable fabrication and characterization of single molecule thick films with control over the packing density of molecules., We use this approach to measure the orientation of fluorescent lipid analogs doped into Langmuir−Blodgett films of DPPC and arachidic acid. We compare two commonly used fluorescent lipid analogs, BODIPY-PC and DiIC 18 , which have their fluorophores located in the tailgroup and headgroup, respectively., Introduction. Manipulating Langmuir films using Langmuir troughs and transferring the resulting barrier-compressed films to solid substrates using the Langmuir-Blodgett or Langmuir-Schaeffer techniques remain among the few approaches to assemble one-molecule thick films from a liquid dispersed phase.[1], [2], [3], [4]., Langmuir−Blodgett technique was used to assemble monolayers (with areas over 20 cm2) of aligned silver nanowires that are ∼50 nm in diameter and 2−3 μm in length. These nanowires possess pentagonal cross-sections and pyramidal tips. They are close-packed and are aligned parallel to each other. The resulting nanowire monolayers serve as excellent substrates for surface-enhanced Raman ..., Electrical Behavior of Langmuir–Blodgett Networks of Sorted Metallic and Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Langmuir 2012 , 28 (43) , 15385-15391., Recently, Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) film has been substantiated as an efficacious film-forming technique to tackle the above limitations of algal BPVs; however, the aforesaid technology remains vastly untapped in BPVs., Kibron Inc. manufactures state-of-the-art tensiometers, langmuir-blodgett troughs and customer specified surface chemistry equipment and screening technology to overcome today’s challenges in chemical industry. Since its founding, 1994, Kibron has focused on innovation, user benefits and dependable service. Browse our products., T. Kamata, A. Kato, J. Umemura, T. Takenaka, Intensity enhancement of infrared attenuated total reflection spectra of stearic acid Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers with evaporated silver island films, Langmuir 3, 1150–1154 (1987) CrossRef Google Scholar, Langmuir–Blodgett. Langmuir-Blodgett may refer to: Langmuir–Blodgett film. Langmuir–Blodgett trough. Irving Langmuir and Katharine Burr Blodgett. This …, Photoisomerization of Azobenzene Chromophores in Organic/Inorganic Zirconium Phosphonate Thin Films Prepared Using a Combined Langmuir−Blodgett and Self-Assembled Monolayer Deposition. Langmuir 2000, 16 (19) , 7449-7456., A Langmuir–Blodgett trough ( LB trough) is a laboratory apparatus that is used to compress monolayers of molecules on the surface of a given subphase (usually water) and measures surface phenomena due to this compression. It can also be used to deposit single or multiple monolayers on a solid substrate. Description Overview, The recent use of Langmuir monolayers as a physical model is reviewed. ... The metal nanoparticles were transferred onto solid substrates by the Langmuir–Blodgett method achieving macroscopically homogeneous coating in the range of square centimeters, and then studied by SEM, contact angle and FTIR measurements [39]., The technique of Langmuir ferroelectrics [19–23] led to the discovery of two-dimensional ferroelectrics , while the investigation of nanoscale perovskite films of barium titanate has shown that they can be two-dimensional. One can assume that other nanosized single-crystals can be two-dimensional and homogeneous., Mar 23, 2022 · The Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique, through which monolayers are transferred from the air/water interface onto a solid substrate, was the first method to allow for the controlled assembly of organic molecules. With its almost 100 year history, it has been the inspiration for most methods to functi … , Especially, the Langmuir-Blodgett method can become a promising and powerful strategy in interfacial nanoarchitectonics. In 2004, Steven L. Regen [24] stated that "In recent years, there has been a steady shift away from the LB technique towards self-assembly methods for the fabrication of monolayer and multilayer array". The fabrication of ..., Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of the general polymers can be obtained by transferring of the monolayer of corresponding polymers on the water surface using the LB method [1–3]. In 1934, K. B. Blodgett who was a colleague of I. Langmuir had reported paper related to LB films for the first time in J. Am. Chem. Soc [ 4 , 5 ]., A Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) film is a nanostructured system formed when Langmuir films—or Langmuir monolayers (LM)—are transferred from the liquid-gas interface to solid supports during the vertical passage of the support through the monolayers. , Especially, the Langmuir-Blodgett method can become a promising and powerful strategy in interfacial nanoarchitectonics. In 2004, Steven L. Regen [24] stated that “In recent years, there has been a steady shift away from the LB technique towards self-assembly methods for the fabrication of monolayer and multilayer array”., Irving Langmuir (1881–1957) and Katharine Burr Blodgett (1898–1979) collaborated at the nanometer scale, studying films that were just one molecule thick, but their accomplishments were anything but minuscule. Langmuir received a Nobel Prize for his research. GE and Light Bulbs, Both the thermodynamic studies of the ternary Langmuir films and the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) images of Langmuir–Blodgett films have shown that …, Feb 14, 2023 · Langmuir and Langmuir–Blodgett Films of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles. Michal Swierczewski. and. Thomas Bürgi *. Langmuir 2023, 39, 6, 2135-2151 (Invited Feature Article) Publication Date (Web): February 5, 2023. Abstract. , Langmuir−Blodgett technique was used to assemble monolayers (with areas over 20 cm2) of aligned silver nanowires that are ∼50 nm in diameter and 2−3 μm in length. These nanowires possess pentagonal cross-sections and pyramidal tips. They are close-packed and are aligned parallel to each other. The resulting nanowire monolayers serve as excellent substrates for surface-enhanced Raman ... , Anal. of Langmuir isotherms and microstructural characterization of the homogeneous polystyrene particle films during compression reveal an interfacial buckling instability followed by folding, which is in good agreement with predictions from classical elasticity theory. In contrast, Janus particle films exhibit a different behavior during ..., A Langmuir–Blodgett trough ( LB trough) is a laboratory apparatus that is used to compress monolayers of molecules on the surface of a given subphase (usually water) and measures surface phenomena due to this compression. It can also be used to deposit single or multiple monolayers on a solid substrate. Description Overview, Tools. Organic-inorganic perovskite-like hybrids combine the properties of both the perovskite structure and metal-organic framework compounds. We investigated the magnetic properties of a Cu-based hybrid material grown as a thin film by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. We show that the long alkyl spacers in the hybrid thin film only …, The amphiphilic and biocompatibility of polypeptides make it has natural advantage in self-assembly at the air-water interface. In this work, the self-assembled films of palmitoyl pentapeptide-4 (PP4) and dye molecules were prepared by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technology. It was found that the PP4/dye composite film had good acid-alkali gas response., Langmuir Blodgett film preparation. A Langmuir trough system (KSV-NIMA) with a dipper for deposition was used to prepare the films. Before deposition, the Langmuir trough was thoroughly cleaned with ethanol and isopropyl alcohol. Suction was used to clean the water's surface before each measurement., Joydeep Chowdhury works as Professor in the Department of Physics, Jadavpur University. His research interests include SERS, Langmuir Blodgett Films, Protein-/ Enzyme ----Drug/ Ionic Liquid ..., A large-area, monolayered fluorescent two-dimensional polymer containing both TPE and imine linkage was obtained on the air-water interface (Langmuir-Blodgett method). The tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) was utilized here to confirm the success of the polycondensation of monolayered 2DP., T1 - Langmuir-blodgett assembly of graphite oxide single layers. AU - Cote, Laura J. AU - Kim, Franklin. AU - Huang, Jiaxing. PY - 2009/1/28. Y1 - 2009/1/28. N2 - Single-layer graphite oxide can be viewed as an unconventional type of soft material and has recently been recognized as a promising material for composite and electronics applications., Here, we employed a Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) technique to fabricate ultrathin, high-quality GQD aggregated films with well-modulated optical properties in a wide range of wavelengths. Through the combination of a …