Luke 12 enduring word

1. (1-3) The effect of David’s grief upon his loyal supporters. And Joab was told, “Behold, the king is weeping and mourning for Absalom.”. So the victory that day was turned into mourning for all the people. For the people heard it said that day, “The king is grieved for his son.”. And the people stole back into the city that day, as ...

The Parable of the Expectant Steward – Luke 12:42-48 – Inductive Bible Study. Luke 12:42-48. 42 And the Lord said, ” Who then is the faithful and sensible steward, whom his master will put in charge of his servants, to give them their rations at the proper time ? 43 “Blessed is that slave whom his master finds so doing when he comes ... Resources Hebrew/Greek Your Content Luke 12:47-48 New International Version 47 "The servant who knows the master's will and does not get ready or does not do what the master wants will be beaten with many blows. 48 But the one who does not know and does things deserving punishment will be beaten with few blows.David Guzik Sermon on Luke 17:1-19 - Witness of the Thankful Onea. Therefore: Peter has just demonstrated the glory and eternal character of God’s word. Now therefore, in light of what God’s word is to us, we should receive the word and receive it with a particular heart. b. As newborn babes, desire the pure milk of the word: The word desire is strong. In the Septuagint (an ancient Greek translation of ...The parable of the good Samaritan, told in the passage of Luke 10:25-37, represents the magnitude of love that a God-fearing individual should show toward his neighbor. Particularly, the parable explains that the definition of a neighbor en...

Proverbs 11:19. As righteousness leads to life, So he who pursues evil pursues it to his own death. a. As righteousness leads to life: For Solomon, this was a self-evident fact. Using the same logic, he could have written, “As the sun rises in the east.”. The path of righteousness is a path to life. b.Daniel 6:1-14 – The Trap. Daniel 6:15-28 – Safe in the Lions’ Den. This has long been a beloved Bible story – and no wonder. There are so many dramatic features in this story – the jealousy of political subordinates, the vanity of a king, the integrity of a man, the power and preservation of God, even wild animals and violence. A.2. (12-15) Jesus challenges His disciples to provide for the need of the multitude. When the day began to wear away, the twelve came and said to Him, “Send the multitude away, that they may go into the surrounding towns and country, and lodge and get provisions; for we are in a deserted place here.”. But He said to them, “You give them ...1. (2-3) Jesus is transfigured before His disciples. Now after six days Jesus took Peter, James, and John, and led them up on a high mountain apart by themselves; and He was transfigured before them. His clothes became shining, exceedingly white, like snow, such as no launderer on earth can whiten them. a. 1. (1-4) Pilate hopes to satisfy the mob by having Jesus whipped and mocked. So then Pilate took Jesus and scourged Him. And the soldiers twisted a crown of thorns and put it on His head, and they put on Him a purple robe. Then they said, “Hail, King of the Jews!”.1. (1) Introduction: The vision of Isaiah, son of Amoz. The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah. a. The vision of Isaiah: This book contains the prophecies of Isaiah, the son of Amoz, who ministered from about 740 to 680 B.C.Jesus responded to the faith that Jairus showed and went with him, as the multitudes thronged Him. i. The ancient Greek word here translated thronged means, “almost suffocated him -so great was the throng about him.” (Clarke) The same Greek root word is used to describe the choking of the seed of the word ( Luke 8:7 ).

David Guzik Sermon on Luke 12:1-15 - Witness of the Confessors. These cookies collect information that is used either in aggregate form to help us understand how our website is being used or how effective our marketing campaigns are, or to help us customize our website and application for you in order to enhance your experience. 2. (9-13) Jesus describes what His disciples must expect during the time between His Ascension and Second Coming. “But watch out for yourselves, for they will deliver you up to councils, and you will be beaten in the synagogues. You will be brought before rulers and kings for My sake, for a testimony to them.David Guzik Sermon on Luke 12:35-59 - Witness of His Return. These cookies collect information that is used either in aggregate form to help us understand how our website is being used or how effective our marketing campaigns are, or to help us customize our website and application for you in order to enhance your experience. Scripture: Luke 12:13–34. John Piper May 16, 1993. Sermon. It Is Your Father’s Pleasure to Give You the Kingdom Palm Sunday. Apr 12, 1987. Scripture: Luke 12:32.No one is good but One, that is, God.”. a. Now a certain ruler: This man is commonly known as the rich young ruler, because he is described as a ruler ( Luke 18:18 ), as rich ( Luke 18:23 ), and as young ( Matthew 19:22 ). We don’t know if his authority was in the world of politics or in the world of religion. b.

Audit risk and compliance.

With our updated website we continue to promote the work of Christian discipleship and evangelism worldwide, mainly through producing and making available the Bible teaching work of David Guzik.Attitudes for Followers of Jesus. A. The kind of attitude those who will face persecution should have. 1. ( Luke 12:1-3) A warning to beware of hypocrisy. In the meantime, when an innumerable multitude of people had gathered together, so that they trampled one another, He began to say to His disciples first of all, “Beware of the leaven of ...Commentary on Luke 14:25-35. (Read Luke 14:25-35) Though the disciples of Christ are not all crucified, yet they all bear their cross, and must bear it in the way of duty. Jesus bids them count upon it, and then consider of it. Our Saviour explains this by two similitudes; the former showing that we must consider the expenses of our religion ...Last Name. Get Prayer Requests and Updates from David Guzik. Enduring Word Info. Receive David Guzik's Weekly Devotional. Inspiration by Email. Special Emails: Pastors, Preachers, Bible Teachers. Pastors, Preachers, Bible Teachers.8 "I tell you, whoever publicly acknowledges me before others, the Son of Man will also acknowledge before the angels of God. 9 But whoever disowns me before others will be disowned before the angels of God. 10 And everyone who speaks a word against the Son of Man will be forgiven, but anyone who blasphemes against the Holy Spirit will not be fo...

Jesus described Himself as a servant in Matthew 20:25-28, Matthew 23:11, Mark 9:35, Mark 10:43-45. Peter, in his Acts 3 sermon, gives our Savior the title His Servant Jesus ( Acts 3:13 and 3:26 ). In Acts 4, the praying people of God spoke of Your holy Servant Jesus ( Acts 4:27, 4:30 ). But Jesus isn’t just a servant.Country music fans have been captivated by the sound of Luke Combs for years. His unique blend of traditional country and modern pop has earned him a loyal following, and his songs are some of the most popular on the radio today.A. Thoughts to begin with as we study the Bible. 1. We come to the Bible knowing there is a God. a. There are many good and strong philosophical and logical reasons to believe in God. Yet the Bible does not make elaborate arguments for the existence of God. However, it does tell us how we can know God exists.And manifested His glory: According to John 2:1, this miracle happened on the third day. John hints at the idea that Jesus showed His glory on the third day, and that His disciples believed in Him when they saw His glory. i. The glory of Jesus is found in His compassion, and this was a miracle full of compassion.Jesus responded to the faith that Jairus showed and went with him, as the multitudes thronged Him. i. The ancient Greek word here translated thronged means, “almost suffocated him -so great was the throng about him.” (Clarke) The same Greek root word is used to describe the choking of the seed of the word ( Luke 8:7 ). 2. (9-13) Jesus describes what His disciples must expect during the time between His Ascension and Second Coming. “But watch out for yourselves, for they will deliver you up to councils, and you will be beaten in the synagogues. You will be brought before rulers and kings for My sake, for a testimony to them.It was dry on the fleece only, but there was dew on all the ground. a. If You will save Israel by my hand as You have said: God already gave Gideon a sign ( Judges 6:17-21 ). Here, Gideon asked God to do a second miracle to confirm His word – and then a third miracle to confirm it again. i.The gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke make up the synoptic gospels, because they include the same stories with similar wording, in contrast to the gospel of John, which is relatively unique. Synoptic comes from the Greek words, “syn,” which...Last Name. Get Prayer Requests and Updates from David Guzik. Enduring Word Info. Receive David Guzik's Weekly Devotional. Inspiration by Email. Special Emails: Pastors, …

Luke 12:16-34 – Witness of the Rich Fool. Download Audio MP3. Tweet. Pin. Share 1. David Guzik Sermon on Luke 12:16-34 - Witness of the Rich Fool.

1. (1-3) Women followers of Jesus discover the empty tomb of Jesus. Now on the first day of the week, very early in the morning, they, and certain other women with them, came to the tomb bringing the spices which they had prepared. But they found the stone rolled away from the tomb. Then they went in and did not find the body of the Lord Jesus. a. Download Audio MP3. Psalm 12 - The Words of Man and the Word of God. Share. Watch on.David Guzik. David Guzik is the pastor of Calvary Chapel Santa Barbara, California. Before that he served as director and teacher at Calvary Chapel Bible College, Germany, following more than 20 years of pastoral ministry. He currently serves now as the senior pastor of Calvary Chapel Santa Barbara. David has been happy to be part of the Blue ... iii. Before Jesus took the cross, He was whipped – scourged – as Pilate had earlier promised ( I will therefore chastise Him, Luke 23:16 ). “Scourging was a legal preliminary to every Roman execution, and only women and Roman senators or soldiers (except in cases of desertion) were exempt.” (Edwards) iv. Luke 12:1. In the mean time, when there were gathered together an innumerable multitude of people, insomuch that they trode one upon another, he began to say unto his disciples first of all, Beware ye of the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy. An innumerable multitude of people - Των μυριαδων του οχλου, myriads of ...David Guzik Sermon on Luke 12:35-59 - Witness of His Return. These cookies collect information that is used either in aggregate form to help us understand how our website is being used or how effective our marketing campaigns are, or to help us customize our website and application for you in order to enhance your experience.He must endure sufferings and death. It agreed not with his plan to preach the gospel more widely, till this baptism was completed. We should be zealous in making known the truth, for though divisions will be stirred up, and a man's own household may be his foes, yet sinners will be converted, and God will be glorified. Barnes' Notes on the Bible2. (4-5) Peter receives as Jesus directs his service. When He had stopped speaking, He said to Simon, “Launch out into the deep and let down your nets for a catch.”. But Simon answered and said to Him, “Master, we have toiled all night and caught nothing; nevertheless at Your word I will let down the net.”. a. Attitudes for Followers of Jesus. A. The kind of attitude those who will face persecution should have. 1. ( Luke 12:1-3) A warning to beware of hypocrisy. In the meantime, when an innumerable multitude of people had gathered together, so that they trampled one another, He began to say to His disciples first of all, “Beware of the leaven of ...

Organizational weaknesses in a swot analysis are.

Kansas jayhawks basketball head coach.

ii. Considering the work of the seventy disciples as described in Luke 10 shows ways that we can go forth to serve Jesus and spread His message. · The harvest is great: We do the work knowing how big the job is. · The laborers are few: We do the work knowing that we have a key job.a. I will return to Zion, and dwell in the midst of Jerusalem: God’s people and city will be transformed by the presence of the LORD. b. Jerusalem shall be called the City of Truth…the Holy Mountain: Because of God’s presence the city will be transformed into a place of truth and holiness. When God’s presence is real and embraced in our ...Luke 8:12. The seeds along the path are those who hear, but the devil comes and takes away the word from their hearts, so that they may not believe and be saved. 1 Peter 1:23. For you have been born again, not of perishable seed, but of imperishable, through the living and enduring word of God.1. (1-2) The wise men arrive in Jerusalem. Now after Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea in the days of Herod the king, behold, wise men from the East came to Jerusalem, saying, “Where is He who has been born King of the Jews? For we have seen His star in the East and have come to worship Him.”. a.Deuteronomy 12 – The Worship God Commands A. The place of worship. 1. (1-4) The command to destroy Canaanite places of worship. These are the statutes and judgments which you shall be careful to observe in the land which the LORD God of your fathers is giving you to possess, all the days that you live on the earth.You shall utterly destroy all …The word “life” is frequently used in chapter 12. To the rich fool “living” or “life” was defined in terms of ease and pleasure, in terms not just of eating and drinking, …We know that if at our judgment-seat a man pleads guilty, he is punished; but at the judgment-seat of the gospel whoever pleads guilty is forgiven. Wrap your face.” (Spurgeon) b. What are you doing here, Elijah: God asked Elijah the same question – and received the same response – as in 1 Kings 19:9-10. a. They led Jesus from Caiaphas: After interrogation, Annas sent Jesus to Caiaphas ( John 18:24) for a trial in two parts. The first was a hastily gathered assembly of the council recorded in Matthew 26:57-68. The second was the official, daylight meeting of the Sanhedrin ( Luke 22:66 ).Download Audio MP3. David Guzik Sermon on Luke 15 - Witness to the Lost.David Guzik. David Guzik is the pastor of Calvary Chapel Santa Barbara, California. Before that he served as director and teacher at Calvary Chapel Bible College, Germany, following more than 20 years of pastoral ministry. He currently serves now as the senior pastor of Calvary Chapel Santa Barbara. David has been happy to be part of the Blue ...Enduring Word; About. FAQs; Free Smartphone App; About Enduring Word; David Guzik; Your Story; Pray for Enduring Word; ... (Matthew 11:14, Mark 9:11-13, Luke 1:17). Yet because this Elijah comes before the coming of the great and dreadful day, ... Matthew 17:11-12 and Revelation 11:3-12 speak of this future fulfillment, ... ….

2. (12-15) Jesus challenges His disciples to provide for the need of the multitude. When the day began to wear away, the twelve came and said to Him, “Send the multitude away, that they may go into the surrounding towns and country, and lodge and get provisions; for we are in a deserted place here.”. But He said to them, “You give them ...Luke 12:41-48New International Version. 41 Peter asked, “Lord, are you telling this parable to us, or to everyone?”. 42 The Lord answered, “Who then is the faithful and wise manager, whom the master puts in charge of his servants to give them their food allowance at the proper time? 43 It will be good for that servant whom the master ... Video and Audio Teaching Through the Gospel of Luke. Luke 1:1-26 - Witness of an Angel. Luke 1:26-80 - Witness of Mary. Luke 2 - Witness of the Shepherds. Luke 3 - Witness of John the Baptist. Luke 4:1-13 - This message is currently unavailable. Luke 4:14-44 - Witness of the Wilderness.a. For you were once darkness: As Paul condemned those who practiced fornication, uncleanness or covetousness as the sons of disobedience ( Ephesians 5:6 ), he also recognized that this was the exact darkness Christians had emerged from. But now, having been enlightened, we are to walk as children of the light. i.Last Name. Get Prayer Requests and Updates from David Guzik. Enduring Word Info. Receive David Guzik's Weekly Devotional. Inspiration by Email. Special Emails: Pastors, Preachers, Bible Teachers. Pastors, Preachers, Bible Teachers. The word disciple simply means “learner.”. A disciple is someone who is a student, a learner of Jesus. i. Previously, Jesus said that coming to God was like accepting an invitation ( Luke 14:16-24 ). Jesus was careful to add that there is more to being His follower than simply accepting an invitation. c.We know that if at our judgment-seat a man pleads guilty, he is punished; but at the judgment-seat of the gospel whoever pleads guilty is forgiven. Wrap your face.” (Spurgeon) b. What are you doing here, Elijah: God asked Elijah the same question – and received the same response – as in 1 Kings 19:9-10.Audio for Revelation 12: Revelation 12 – The Woman, the Child, and the Dragon. A. The woman. 1. (1) The woman is described in celestial images. Now a great sign appeared in heaven: a woman clothed with the sun, with the moon under her feet, and on her head a garland of twelve stars. a.He must endure sufferings and death. It agreed not with his plan to preach the gospel more widely, till this baptism was completed. We should be zealous in making known the truth, for though divisions will be stirred up, and a man's own household may be his foes, yet sinners will be converted, and God will be glorified. Barnes' Notes on the BibleWe know that if at our judgment-seat a man pleads guilty, he is punished; but at the judgment-seat of the gospel whoever pleads guilty is forgiven. Wrap your face.” (Spurgeon) b. What are you doing here, Elijah: God asked Elijah the same question – and received the same response – as in 1 Kings 19:9-10. Luke 12 enduring word, Video and Audio Teaching Through the Gospel of Luke. Luke 1:1-26 – Witness of an Angel. Luke 1:26-80 – Witness of Mary. Luke 2 – Witness of the Shepherds. Luke 3 – Witness of John the Baptist. Luke 4:1-13 – This message is currently unavailable. Luke 4:14-44 – Witness of the Wilderness., Luke will begin his focus at the official, daylight meeting of the council (Luke 22:66). i. Before Jesus came to the home of Caiaphas (the official high priest), He was led to the home of Annas, who was the ex-high priest and the “power behind the throne” of the high priest (according to John 18:12-14 and John 18:19-23)., 1. (1-2) Looking for someone who seeks truth. “Run to and fro through the streets of Jerusalem; See now and know; And seek in her open places. If you can find a man, If there is anyone who executes judgment, Who seeks the truth, And I will pardon her. Though they say, ‘As the LORD lives,’., 35 “Be dressed ready for service and keep your lamps burning, 36 like servants waiting for their master to return from a wedding banquet, so that when he comes and knocks they can immediately open the door for him. 37 It will be good for those servants whose master finds them watching when he comes. Truly I tell you, he will dress himself to ... , In Luke 21:34-36 Jesus said that He would come as a surprise, a snare – and emphasized the importance of readiness. i. This is because the second coming of Jesus has two distinct aspects, separated by an appreciable time. The first aspect comes suddenly, unexpectedly, as a snare, in a time of peace and safety., As it is written in the book of the words of Isaiah the prophet: Luke connected John the Baptist with the one prophesied by Isaiah ( Isaiah 40:3-5 ). John himself was aware of this from his early days, because his father was aware of it from before John’s birth ( Luke 1:76-77 ). b. Prepare the way of the LORD: John’s great message was that ..., Luke 12:41-48New International Version. 41 Peter asked, “Lord, are you telling this parable to us, or to everyone?”. 42 The Lord answered, “Who then is the faithful and wise …, 1. (1-6) The Lord of the Sabbath heals on the Sabbath. And He entered the synagogue again, and a man was there who had a withered hand. So they watched Him closely, whether He would heal him on the Sabbath, so that they might accuse Him. And He said to the man who had the withered hand, “Step forward.”., 12:41-53 All are to take to themselves what Christ says in his word, and to inquire concerning it. No one is left so ignorant as not to know many things to be wrong which he does, and many things to be right which he neglects; therefore all are without excuse in their sin. The bringing in the gospel dispensation would occasion desolations. , 1. (1-3) Jesus responds to an accusation from the Pharisees. Then all the tax collectors and the sinners drew near to Him to hear Him. And the Pharisees and scribes complained, saying, “This Man receives sinners and eats with them.”. So He spoke this parable to them, saying:, Visit the Enduring Word website for books, software, and tapes by Pastor Guzik. Calvary Chapel Santa Barbara; Enduring Word; David Guzik Study Guides Sort Canonically. ... Study Guide for Luke 12; Study Guide for Luke 13; Study Guide for Luke 14; Study Guide for Luke 15; Study Guide for Luke 16; Study Guide for Luke 17; Study Guide for Luke 18;, 1. (1-4) Jesus teaches and is interrupted. And again He entered Capernaum after some days, and it was heard that He was in the house. Immediately many gathered together, so that there was no longer room to receive them, not even near the door. And He preached the word to them., 1. (1-3) Women followers of Jesus discover the empty tomb of Jesus. Now on the first day of the week, very early in the morning, they, and certain other women with them, came to the tomb bringing the spices which they had prepared. But they found the stone rolled away from the tomb. Then they went in and did not find the body of the Lord Jesus. a. , 1. (1-4) Jesus teaches and is interrupted. And again He entered Capernaum after some days, and it was heard that He was in the house. Immediately many gathered together, so that there was no longer room to receive them, not even near the door. And He preached the word to them., In Luke 21:25-26, He spoke of unmistakable calamity to shake the earth before the coming of Jesus. In Luke 21:34-36 Jesus said that He would come as a surprise, a snare — and emphasized the importance of readiness. i. This is because the second coming of Jesus has two distinct aspects, separated by an appreciable time., 5 min. A University of Nebraska-Lincoln student was at a party in August when he received a text that would help him decipher a nearly 2,000-year-old message. In the previous few months, Luke ..., Warnings and Encouragements. 12 Meanwhile, when a crowd of many thousands had gathered, so that they were trampling on one another, Jesus began to speak first to his …, From Deuteronomy chapter 4 through chapter 26, Moses has reminded Israel of God’s commands. Now he exhorted them to keep the commands. b. therefore you shall be careful to observe them: Sometimes we need to be instructed regarding the law of God; sometimes we need to be reminded regarding the law of God. But most often, we need to be …, Mar 30, 2023 · So in Luke 12, we read, “He began to say to His disciples first of all, “Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy.”. The center of Jewish social life was the local synagogue. Being banned from it was social suicide, to make oneself a pariah. The Sadducees and Pharisees had the power to do that. , The word disciple simply means “learner.”. A disciple is someone who is a student, a learner of Jesus. i. Previously, Jesus said that coming to God was like accepting an invitation ( Luke 14:16-24 ). Jesus was careful to add that there is more to being His follower than simply accepting an invitation. c., a. I will return to Zion, and dwell in the midst of Jerusalem: God’s people and city will be transformed by the presence of the LORD. b. Jerusalem shall be called the City of Truth…the Holy Mountain: Because of God’s presence the city will be transformed into a place of truth and holiness. When God’s presence is real and embraced in our ..., Philippians 2:1-11 – The Ladder Down from Heaven. Philippians 2:12-30 – Working Out What Was Worked In. A. How Paul wants the Philippians to live with each other. 1. (1) The basis of Paul’s exhortation to the Philippians. Therefore if there is any consolation in Christ, if any comfort of love, if any fellowship of the Spirit, if any ..., Luke 20:1-26 – Witness of Wisdom. Luke 20:27-21:4 – Witness of the Widow. “These answers of His were not the sharp retorts of smartness, but the final utterances of a wisdom which revealed the ignorance of the questions.” (Morgan) A. The religious leaders question the authority of Jesus. , Watchfulness 35 "Be dressed ready for service and keep your lamps burning, 36 like servants waiting for their master to return from a wedding banquet, so that when he comes and knocks they can immediately open the door for him. 37 It will be good for those servants whose master finds them watching when he comes., The Parable of the Rich Fool. 13 Someone in the crowd said to him, “Teacher, tell my brother to divide the inheritance with me.”. 14 Jesus replied, “Man, who appointed me a judge or an arbiter between you?” 15 Then he said to them, “Watch out! Be on your guard against all kinds of greed; life does not consist in an abundance of ..., Resources Hebrew/Greek Your Content Luke 12:47-48 New International Version 47 “The servant who knows the master’s will and does not get ready or does not do what the master wants will be beaten with many blows. 48 But the one who does not know and does things deserving punishment will be beaten with few blows., d. Unless you repent… unless you repent: By noting the ancient Greek grammar, we see that Jesus here mentioned two kinds of repentance, and both are essential. Luke 13:5 ( unless you repent) described a once and for all repentance. The verb tense in Luke 13:3 ( unless you repent) described a continuing repentance. i. , Commentary on Luke 14:25-35. (Read Luke 14:25-35) Though the disciples of Christ are not all crucified, yet they all bear their cross, and must bear it in the way of duty. Jesus bids them count upon it, and then consider of it. Our Saviour explains this by two similitudes; the former showing that we must consider the expenses of our religion ..., A. Introduction: The unique character of the Gospel of Mark. 1. Revelation 4:7 describes the cherubim around God’s throne as beings with four faces: a lion, a calf, a man, and an eagle. By long tradition, the church has attributed one of these “faces” to each of the Gospels, according to the character and message of the particular Gospel., 1. (1-3) Women followers of Jesus discover the empty tomb of Jesus. Now on the first day of the week, very early in the morning, they, and certain other women with them, came to the tomb bringing the spices which they had prepared. But they found the stone rolled away from the tomb. Then they went in and did not find the body of the Lord Jesus. a. , 1 So # Matt. 4:18–22; Mark 1:16–20; John 1:40–42 it was, as the multitude pressed about Him to # Acts 13:44 hear the word of God, that He stood by the Lake of Gennesaret, 2 and saw two boats standing by the lake; but the fishermen had gone from them and were washing their nets. 3 Then He got into one of the boats, which was Simon’s, and asked …, Welcome to the YouTube Channel for David Guzik and Enduring Word.I'm happy to present my Bible teaching resources online at enduringword.com, but here you fi..., 1. (1-2) A call to praise God in song. Make a joyful shout to the God of Jacob. The pleasant harp with the lute. a. Sing aloud to God our strength: Asaph knew it was good for God’s people to hear the exhortation to sing aloud. We should honor God with singing, and our songs are sung aloud. i.